Nau'in radiation Non-ionizing radiation
Wasu misalan radiyo marasa ionizing sune hasken bayyane, raƙuman radiyo, da microwaves (Infographic: Adriana Vargas/IAEA)
Radiyoyin da ba ionizing ba shine ƙananan makamashin da ba shi da kuzari wanda ba ya isa ya cire electrons daga atom ko kwayoyin halitta, ko a cikin kwayoyin halitta ko masu rai.Duk da haka, ƙarfinsa na iya sa waɗancan ƙwayoyin cuta su yi rawar jiki don haka su haifar da zafi.Wannan shi ne, alal misali, yadda tanda microwave ke aiki.
Ga mafi yawan mutane, rashin ionizing radiation ba ya haifar da haɗari ga lafiyarsu.Duk da haka, ma'aikatan da ke hulɗa akai-akai tare da wasu hanyoyin da ba su da ionizing radiation na iya buƙatar matakai na musamman don kare kansu daga, misali, zafi da aka samar.
Wasu wasu misalan radiyo marasa ionizing sun haɗa da raƙuman radiyo da haske mai gani.Hasken da ake iya gani wani nau'in radiation ne mara ionizing wanda idon ɗan adam zai iya fahimta.Kuma igiyoyin rediyo wani nau’in radiation ne wanda ba ya da ionizing wanda idanuwanmu da sauran gabobinmu ba za su iya gani ba, amma rediyon gargajiya na iya tantance su.
Ionizing radiation
Wasu misalan radiation na ionizing sun haɗa da wasu nau'ikan maganin ciwon daji ta amfani da hasken gamma, da X-ray, da radiation da ke fitowa daga kayan aikin rediyo da ake amfani da su a cikin tashoshin makamashin nukiliya (Infographic: Adriana Vargas/IAEA)
Ionizing radiation wani nau'i ne na radiation na irin wannan makamashi wanda zai iya cire electrons daga atom ko kwayoyin halitta, wanda ke haifar da canje-canje a matakin atomic yayin hulɗa da kwayoyin halitta ciki har da rayayyun kwayoyin halitta.Irin waɗannan canje-canje yawanci sun haɗa da samar da ions (waɗanda aka caje ta lantarki ko kwayoyin halitta) - don haka kalmar "ionizing" radiation.
A cikin manyan allurai, ionizing radiation na iya lalata sel ko gabobin jikinmu ko ma haifar da mutuwa.A cikin daidaitattun amfani da allurai tare da matakan kariya masu dacewa, irin wannan nau'in radiation yana da amfani mai yawa, kamar samar da makamashi, a cikin masana'antu, a cikin bincike da bincike na likita da kuma maganin cututtuka daban-daban, kamar ciwon daji.Duk da yake ka'idojin amfani da tushen radiation da kariya ta radiation nauyi ne na ƙasa, IAEA tana ba da tallafi ga 'yan majalisa da masu gudanarwa ta hanyar ingantaccen tsarin ka'idojin aminci na kasa da kasa da ke nufin kare ma'aikata da marasa lafiya da kuma jama'a da muhalli daga yuwuwar. illolin ionizing radiation.
Radiyoyin da ba ionizing da ionizing suna da tsayi daban-daban, wanda ke da alaƙa kai tsaye da ƙarfinsa.(Infographic: Adriana Vargas/IAEA).
Kimiyyar da ke bayan lalata rediyoaktif da sakamakon radiation
Tsarin da kwayar zarra ta rediyo ke samun kwanciyar hankali ta hanyar fitar da barbashi da makamashi ana kiranta "lalacewar rediyo".(Bayanai: Adriana Vargas/IAEA)
Ionizing radiation na iya samo asali daga, misali,marasa ƙarfi (radioactive) atomsyayin da suke rikidewa zuwa yanayin kwanciyar hankali yayin fitar da makamashi.
Yawancin kwayoyin halitta a Duniya suna da karko, musamman godiya ga daidaitacce kuma barga tsarin barbashi (neutrons da protons) a tsakiyarsu (ko tsakiya).Duk da haka, a wasu nau'o'in kwayoyin halitta marasa ƙarfi, abubuwan da ke tattare da adadin protons da neutrons a cikin tsakiya nasu baya ba su damar haɗa waɗannan kwayoyin halitta tare.Irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin zarra marasa ƙarfi ana kiran su “atom ɗin rediyoaktif”.Lokacin da kwayoyin halitta na rediyoaktif suka lalace, suna fitar da makamashi ta hanyar ionizing radiation (misali alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays ko neutrons), wanda idan aka yi amfani da shi cikin aminci da amfani da shi, zai iya haifar da fa'idodi iri-iri.
Lokacin aikawa: Nov-11-2022