Wadanne nau'ikan rubewar rediyoaktif suka fi yawa?Ta yaya za mu iya kāre kanmu daga illar illolin da ke haifarwa?
Ya danganta da nau'in barbashi ko raƙuman ruwa waɗanda tsakiya ke fitarwa don zama karɓuwa, akwai nau'ikan ruɓewar rediyo da ke haifar da ionizing radiation.Mafi yawan nau'o'in su ne alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays da neutrons.
Alfa radiation
![Ta yaya za mu kare kanmu1](http://www.ergodi-radiation.com/uploads/How-can-we-protect-ourselves1.jpg)
Rushewar Alpha (Bayanai: A. Vargas/IAEA).
A cikin alpha radiation, ruɓaɓɓen ƙwayoyin cuta suna sakin ɓangarorin da ke da nauyi da inganci don su sami kwanciyar hankali.Waɗannan barbashi ba za su iya shiga cikin fatarmu don yin lahani ba kuma galibi ana iya dakatar da su ta amfani da ko da takarda ɗaya.
Duk da haka, idan an dauki kayan da ke fitar da alpha a cikin jiki ta hanyar numfashi, ci, ko sha, za su iya fallasa kyallen takarda na ciki kai tsaye kuma suna iya, don haka, lalata lafiya.
Americium-241 misali ne na zarra wanda ke rube ta hanyar alpha particles, kuma ana amfani da shi wajen gano hayaki a duk faɗin duniya.
Beta radiation
![Ta yaya zamu kare kanmu2](http://www.ergodi-radiation.com/uploads/How-can-we-protect-ourselves2.jpg)
Bazuwar beta (Bayanin bayanai: A.Vargas/IAEA).
A cikin beta radiation, nuclei suna saki ƙananan barbashi (electrons) waɗanda suka fi shiga fiye da alpha barbashi kuma suna iya wucewa ta misali, 1-2 santimita na ruwa, dangane da ƙarfinsu.Gabaɗaya, takardar aluminum mai kauri ƴan millimeters na iya dakatar da hasken beta.
Wasu daga cikin ƙwayoyin halitta marasa ƙarfi waɗanda ke fitar da hasken beta sun haɗa da hydrogen-3 (tritium) da carbon-14.Ana amfani da Tritium, da sauransu, a cikin fitilun gaggawa don alal misali fita a cikin duhu.Wannan saboda beta radiation daga tritium yana sa kayan phosphor suyi haske lokacin da radiation yayi hulɗa, ba tare da wutar lantarki ba.Ana amfani da Carbon-14 don, alal misali, kwanan wata abubuwan da suka gabata.
Gamma haskoki
![Ta yaya za mu kare kanmu3](http://www.ergodi-radiation.com/uploads/How-can-we-protect-ourselves3.jpg)
Hasken Gamma (Infographic: A.Vargas/IAEA).
Hasken Gamma, waɗanda ke da aikace-aikace iri-iri, kamar maganin cutar kansa, radiation na lantarki ne, kama da na X-ray.Wasu haskoki na gamma suna ratsa jikin mutum kai tsaye ba tare da cutar da su ba, yayin da wasu kuma jiki ya shanye su kuma zai iya haifar da lalacewa.Za a iya rage zafin haskoki na gamma zuwa matakan da ke haifar da ƙarancin haɗari ta wurin kaurin bangon siminti ko gubar.Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ganuwar dakunan jiyya na radiotherapy a asibitoci don masu ciwon daji suna da kauri sosai.
Neutrons
![Ta yaya za mu kare kanmu4](http://www.ergodi-radiation.com/uploads/How-can-we-protect-ourselves4.jpg)
Nukiliya fission a cikin na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa na nukiliya misali ne na amsawar sarkar rediyo mai aiki da neutrons (Graphic: A.Vargas/IAEA).
Neutrons wani nau'i ne masu girman gaske waɗanda suke ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan farko na tsakiya.Ba a caji su kuma sabili da haka ba sa samar da ionization kai tsaye.Amma mu'amalarsu da kwayoyin halitta na iya haifar da alpha-, beta-, gamma- ko X-ray, wanda hakan ya haifar da ionization.Neutrons yana shiga kuma ana iya dakatar da shi kawai ta hanyar kauri na kankare, ruwa ko paraffin.
Ana iya samar da Neutrons ta hanyoyi da yawa, misali a cikin injina na nukiliya ko kuma a cikin halayen nukiliya waɗanda ke haifar da ƙwayoyin makamashi masu ƙarfi a cikin katako mai haɓakawa.Neutrons na iya wakiltar muhimmin tushen ionizing radiation a kaikaice.
Lokacin aikawa: Nov-11-2022